Topic 4

Poles Apart

Antartica and artic are both two poles in our earth. These two poles have many simillarities and also differencies. Antartica and Artic both of them are cool, but antartica is colder than artic. That happen because antartica is high covered by landmass of ice and cause only animal like pinguin that can live in there. These two poles are very important for human lives. Antartica is nearly twice than USA and . Because of that, antartica donate 80 percent of water supply to our earth. So, we must take care of these two poles.

Topic 3

GREEN REVOLUTION

Green revolution is a method in agriculture to double food pruduction which popularated during 1950-1980. But This solution however no longer become very successful. But this method only work effectively in certain condition such as using chemical fertilizers, insecticide and watering. But not all farmer can buy it. Because of that, many social and politic conflict happen between big farmer and small farmer. The rich people become more rich and rich and also the poor people become more poor and poor. So, right now we need a new method in agriculture which lest destructive and fufill daily needs.

This is my first Essay in English, created in Indonesia 13 syawal 1430 H, because my English lecture advise me to make an essay about chemistry. Please add your comment about structure, vocabulary or it contents.

Simple Mass Spectograph (SMS)-Part 1
Thesis Statement : Mass Spectograph identify atomic weight in four steps, ionization, acceleration, deflection and detection.
The discovery of atomic structure become more complex from year to year. Part of atomic structure is proton, neutron and electron. Proton and neutron in core and electron in certain place outside core which can not be determined absolutely. The mass of electron is very smaller than proton and neutron. So, the mass of atom determined only by proton and neutron. Atomic mass is useful in many chemical reactions such as stoichiometry, radioactivity and others. Mass spectrograph is an instrument to identify atomic weight by four steps, ionization, acceleration, deflection and detection.
The first step is ionization. Ionization means that an atom forced to loose it electron and become positive ion. This is done because mass spectrograph only work with positive ion. Atom will be ionizated, entered into vacuum area and supplied with electricity. This electricity consists many electron which attack atom to loose it electron and go out to the ion repeller machine.
The following step is acceleration. This is done in order that all ion will has same velocity. Many ion from repeller machine will enter three gap. The gap structure is usual, intermediate and zero volt. All ion will be accelerated till focus ray formed.
Deflection is the next step. This part consists of magnet which very sensitive to consideration of atomic weight and netto of ion (w/n). The bigger w/n, the weaker an atom will be deflected. On contrary, the smaller w/n, the stronger an atom will be deflected.
The last is detection. Not all ion can pass through the third step caused there are ion stuck the wall before went out. The other ion which can slip the third step will collide metal box. The metal box will loose it electron and give it to ion and ion will be neutral atom. Because of that, electron space formed id est electron from metal box and and electron in cable. This electron in cable will be detected as electric current and become output. This output will determine atomic weight.
In short, spectrograph is useful to identify atomic weight. This instrument work so accurately by four steps described. This atomic weight will be used in daily needs as important substance in chemical reaction.

Wait the next episode in Physical Chemistry instrument.
Grow up, Indonesia!

Birth Rates in Indonesia

Birth Rates in Indonesia

Thesis Statement: Birth rates can be minimilized in two ways id est forming new regulation in marriage and doing family planning program seriously.

Population is very important to raise income of a country. Indonesia is one of the largest population in all over the world. But this much population does not followed by citizen creativity to create an inovation which can raise economy income. Because of that, this population must be decreased slowly. Birth rates minimilizing, is one of the solution. It can be done in two ways id est forming new regulation in marriage and doing family planning program seriously.

The first way is forming new regulation in marriage. The last regulation about marriage in Indonesia is seventeen years for women and twenty years for men. This regulation makes people disparage wedding ceremony. Many peoples want to do it because his age was fulfill the regulation. Because of that, many teenagers try very hard to get a couple and marriage easily. They think marriage is nice for them. It happen because they only think about sex. This thing will accelerate birth rates without improving human quality because his parents never think about children development.

Doing family planning program seriously, is the next step. During last period, family planning program only done in theoretically. Many citizens still never know exactly what purpose of this program. This happen because government announcement about this program never done directly to citizen, just from television and radio. This not effective, especially for people in village which never follow this family planning program.

In short, birth rates should be minimilized in order that Indonesia can increase it economy. Birth rates can minimilized by two ways id est forming new regulation in marriage and doing family planning program seriously. This thing must be supported and done by all people in Indonesia.